It's Your Last Chance to Claim These 8 Tax Deductions
A clock with tax time sticky note

The deadline to file your tax return is quickly approaching, so it’s a good idea to wrap things up and double check for any deductions or credits you might have missed.

It’s extra important to pay close attention and make sure you’re getting the most of deductions this year. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act eliminates several popular deductions for the 2018 tax year, which means this is the last chance you’ll have to claim them on your return.

To minimize your tax bill and increase your chances of getting your refund, make sure you take advantage of your last opportunity to claim these deductions. (See also: 12 Things You Should Know About the New Tax Law)

1. Unreimbursed work expenses

If you were not reimbursed for required work expenses, such as a job uniform, work-related education, business travel, or union fees, those costs are tax deductible for tax year 2017. The new tax law eliminates this deduction.

2. Job-related moving expenses

If you’ve moved in the last year for work, you may be able to deduct certain expenses like hiring movers or renting a truck. To qualify under the current rules, you must have moved at least 50 miles from your previous address, your moving date must correspond to when you started your new job, and you must work full-time for at least 39 weeks during the first 12 months after your move. This deduction will no longer be available for the 2018 tax year and beyond.

3. Tax preparation

The new law eliminates your ability to deduct tax preparation expenses, such as the cost of using software or hiring someone to do them for you. If you spent money for tax preparation in 2017, this will be your last year to claim that deduction.

4. Casualty and theft losses

Under the current tax law, you can deduct any casualty and theft losses that you experienced during the tax year. For individual taxpayers, you can deduct losses due to a fire, storm, or from theft. Under the new law, you will only be able to deduct casualty losses if the loss is attributable to a disaster as declared by the president, such as a hurricane.

5. Alimony deductions

If you’ve gone through a divorce and you pay alimony, the money you pay your former spouse under a divorce or separation agreement is currently tax deductible. Depending on how much you pay in alimony, the tax deduction can be significant.

Under the new tax plan, alimony payments will no longer be deductible. The change will apply to any divorce or separation that occurs after December 31, 2018.

6. Personal exemptions

With the current tax structure, you can claim a personal exemption of $4,050 for yourself, your spouse, and each of your dependent children. The new tax plan eliminates personal exemptions.

Instead, the plan increases the standard deduction from $6,350 to $12,000 for single filers, from $12,700 to $24,000 for married filing jointly, and from $9,350 to $18,000 for heads of household. Although some people will benefit from the change to a higher standard deduction, the elimination of the personal exemption could hurt families with multiple children, lower incomes, or single parents.

7. Mortgage interest deduction

Currently, you can deduct the interest you paid on a mortgage or home loan balance as large as $1 million. For mortgages that originate after December 15, 2017, the limit is lowered to $750,000. Although that number is still high, it could affect homeowners in areas with sky-high real estate prices.

8. State and local tax deductions

Current law allows you to deduct the full amount of either your state income taxes or state and local taxes. You can also deduct property taxes. For those in areas with a high cost of living, this deduction is a significant help.

The new tax law merges the three taxes together and caps the deduction at $10,000. With a smaller deduction available for state and local taxes, some families could face a higher tax bill.

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It's Your Last Chance to Claim These 8 Tax Deductions


4 Things You Need to Know About Gift Tax
Bunch of American dollars for a Christmas gift

A recurring question each tax season centers on financial gifts; what they are and how they are taxed. Gifting money, property, or valuables to your friends and loved ones can be complicated if your gift exceeds certain monetary limits. Once your gift has exceeded these limits, it becomes subject to gift tax.

Understanding gift tax can be enormously beneficial to you and the receiver of your gift. Whether you are trying to pass on money or expensive items to a family member or friend, understanding the gift tax can help you save over the long run.

What is the gift tax?

The gift tax is a tax on anything with a tangible value that is given to someone without receiving anything, or less than the item’s full value, in return. The gift tax is paid by the donor in most situations. The point of such a tax is to prevent people from gifting away all of their assets before they die in an attempt to avoid estate taxes.

For example, if a loved one gifts you their old car for less than its fair market value, it could be subject to the gift tax. For the purposes of gift tax, the IRS defines fair market value as "the price at which the property would change hands between a willing buyer and a willing seller, neither being under any compulsion to buy or to sell and both having reasonable knowledge of relevant facts."

How the gift tax actually works

Only gifts that exceed a certain tangible value in a year are subject to the gift tax. For tax year 2017, that exclusion was $14,000. In 2018, the federal gift tax exclusion will rise to $15,000. For a couple, these exclusions are per person. So, a married couple in 2018 could gift an adult child $30,000 to buy a home without being subject to gift tax, so long as the gift is deemed to be split between the two parents.

If your gift is more than the exclusion amount, you will need to complete IRS Form 709: U.S. Gift (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax. You must complete this form every year you make a qualifying gift.

When you actually have to pay gift tax

To make matters confusing, you don’t actually have to pay gift tax until you surpass the lifetime gift limit. (It’s the same amount that’s exempt from estate tax, by the way.) That limit was $5.49 million per person for tax year 2017, but was increased to $10 million, indexed to inflation, with the passage of the new tax law in December 2017. The IRS recently announced the recalculated lifetime limit for decedents who pass in 2018 has been set at $11.18 million. Any gifts that fall under the annual exclusion limits do not count against that lifetime limit. Regardless of whether or not you have to pay up, you still have to file Form 709 each year you gift more than the exclusion amount.

If you have three children, and you give each of them $18,000 in 2018, you have surpassed the exclusion by $3,000 per child, or $9,000 total. That $9,000 will count against your lifetime tax-exempt gift limit of $11.18 million.

What isn’t subject to gift tax?

A number of gifts are exempt from the gift tax. Exempt gifts include:

  • College tuition. If you are willing and able to pay the tuition for your child, grandchildren, relatives, or friends, you do not have to pay the gift tax.

  • Political contributions. Political contributions, as long as they remain within the legal limit, are tax exempt. Be sure that you still file the required tax documents to record any political contributions.

  • Medical bills. Like tuition, payments made directly to a medical institution to cover the cost of care or medical bills for a loved one are exempt from the gift tax and do not need to be declared on your taxes.

  • Gifts to your spouse. If you buy your spouse a gift, such as an expensive piece of jewelry, that gift is not taxable.

  • Charitable donations. Any gifts you make to a qualifying charity, including cash or valuables, are not subject to the gift tax.

Be sure to speak with a tax expert, wealth management firm, or estate manager if you have more complicated questions or concerns in regard to gifts and the gift tax. (See also: How to Choose the Best Tax Preparer)

[Editor’s note: An earlier version of this article incorrectly reported the lifetime gift tax exemption. The exemption is $11.18 million for 2018, and not $5.6 million.]

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4 Things You Need to Know About Gift Tax


Tariffs: What They Are and How They Impact Your Finances
International Container Cargo ship

President Trump recently announced new tariffs on imports of steel and aluminum, in a move that got mixed reviews from business and political leaders. The new tariffs would increase levies on aluminum by 10 percent and steel by 25 percent.

There is much debate about the sensibility of these tariffs, but rather than wade into that morass, let’s examine what tariffs are and how they impact the economy and your investments.

What is a tariff?

A tariff is essentially a tax that the government places on imported items. For example, the government may choose to place a tax on foreign cars or imported cotton. There are tariffs placed on an eye-popping number of products, from building materials and vegetables, to chemicals and even live animals. Tariffs can be imposed on a per-item basis, by weight or size, or by percentage of value.

Tariffs can even vary depending on the country. For example, the U.S. may impose a tariff on shirts made in China, but not in Vietnam. The United States imposes tariffs on imports from many countries, but also has free trade agreements with many nations that allow both parties to import goods without tariffs.

Why do tariffs exist?

The first tariffs in the United States came shortly after the nation ratified the Constitution, and were motivated largely by the government’s need for revenue. Tariffs played a big role in funding the government in the days before income taxes.

Tariffs today still produce billions in revenue for the government, but they are also designed to help protect U.S.-based industries and companies. In essence, tariffs imposed on imported goods make those goods more expensive, thus giving a competitive advantage to American firms. But opponents of tariffs say they can hurt international trade and ultimately lead to lower economic growth worldwide.

How does a tariff impact prices?

Tariffs impact the cost of many of the products we buy. Just look at the label on the shirt you’re wearing or your child’s toy. Even if a product is manufactured or assembled in the United States, it may be made with materials that were produced overseas. Given that there are levies placed on thousands of imported goods, it’s almost impossible to hold a product that isn’t made more expensive by tariffs.

The specific impact on price varies, however. Some tariffs are relatively small and are barely noticed by consumers. Even significant tariffs may not impact the cost of an individual item by very much. (One analysis said the cost of a can of Campbell’s soup may go up less than one cent as a result of Trump’s higher tariff on steel.) At various times in history, however, tariffs have led to problematic increases in prices. For example, tariffs on agricultural imports during the Great Depression, which were designed to support American farmers, led to higher food prices at a time when people were struggling financially.

What industries are impacted by tariffs?

Nearly every business is impacted by tariffs to some extent, either directly or indirectly. A tariff on steel, for example, will impact the steel industry overseas but in turn could make costs higher for American construction companies that use steel. Similarly, a tariff on aluminum could mean higher costs for the beer industry because its beverages are sold in aluminum cans.

The U.S. has placed relatively high tariffs on clothing manufactured overseas, while electronics have tariffs that are much lower.

How does this impact my investments?

While tariffs are designed to protect and bolster U.S. industries, the actual impact on a company’s bottom line — and investors — is not easy to predict. Consider the auto industry. There have long been tariffs on imported cars and automotive parts, but foreign car companies including Toyota and Honda have still recorded high sales while the U.S. auto industry has gone through struggles.

After President Trump’s announcement regarding steel and aluminum tariffs, the S&P 500 dropped more than 1.3 percent. But analysts have downplayed any fear of a broader economic downturn, suggesting that companies and the national economy are too large for it to be impacted by any one tariff. Moreover, since many investors have diverse portfolios, the impacts may even out, as some companies may benefit from tariffs while others might see negative impacts.

"It usually takes more than cost pressures in one or two sectors to cause a recession," Fisher Investments wrote regarding the recent tariff order. "We don’t mean to dismiss the personal impact any of this can have on workers and small business owners, but markets are callous, and at times like this, we think investors are best off thinking like markets."

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Tariffs: What They Are and How They Impact Your Finances


15 Odd American Taxes You May Have to Pay
The Cowboy

Benjamin Franklin famously said, "In this world nothing can be certain, except death and taxes." What we can also be certain of is that strange, sometimes archaic taxes will always endure. For whatever reason, the following tax laws still exist, and they continue to bewilder the average taxpayer. (See also: The 11 Oddest Things America Has Ever Taxed)

1. The coffee cup lid tax

Colorado has a strange idea of what is essential packaging, and what is superfluous to requirements. As it turns out, the disposable cup that holds your morning coffee or tea is required, but the lid that stops it splashing everywhere (especially in the car) is "nice to have." As it’s a nonessential, it is subject to an additional 2.9 percent tax. If you drink a $4 coffee every day, that adds up to an extra $40 every year.

2. The candy tax

Willy Wonka would be no fan of the Prairie state. For some reason, Illinois has decided that any sweet candy or other sugary treat is liable for an additional 5 percent sales tax, on one condition — that the snack contains no flour. So, something like a Kit Kat or Milky Way bar will not be subject to the tax, whereas a 3 Musketeers bar or chocolate covered raisins come with that extra charge.

3. The fur coat tax

First thoughts on this tax? Good. With advances in fabrics and science, there’s no need to kill an animal purely for its fur. However, it still happens. While many clothing items are exempt from sales tax in Minnesota, garments that have three times more fur than any other material are subject to an additional 6.875 percent sales tax. If you want the fur look, faux fur is just as good and is exempt from the tax. Also, if the garment has only a little fur, perhaps on the collar or cuffs, it also escapes the tax.

4. Drug dealers and thieves must report their income

Mark this one down as very strange but true. You may think that a drug dealer or thief wouldn’t care too much about reporting their income on a tax return, however, let’s not forget that taxes, not murder or racketeering, sent Al Capone to Alcatraz. According to the IRS, "Income from illegal activities, such as money from dealing illegal drugs, must be included in your income on Form 1040, line 21, or on Schedule C or Schedule C-EZ (Form 1040) if from your self-employment activity."

5. The arrow excise tax

If you hunt with a bow and arrow, or partake in the sport of archery, your wallet could be getting hit with a hefty fee of 43 cents per arrow. The tax goes back to 1937’s Wildlife Restoration Act, with the proceeds from the tax going to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. If your arrows are longer than 18 inches, or are used with a specific kind of bow with a certain amount of draw, you’ll get hit with the tax. Shorter arrows, and certain arrows for children’s bows, are exempt.

6. The tattoos and piercings tax

Hey there body-modders of Arkansas, this one stings. Did you know that since 2002, your state has added an additional tax on any tattoos or piercings you get? It amounts to a 6 percent sales tax, which may not seem like a lot, but can add up over time. So, why did Arkansas impose this strange tax? To discourage people from getting them done, of course. However, anyone who is ready to endure hours of pain or the burn of a tattoo is probably not going to be put off by a sales tax.

7. The starving artist tax break

Are you a performing artist? A busker perhaps, or someone that sketches tourists on the streets of your city? Well, you’re in luck … if you’re broke. That’s the irony of the starving artist deduction, which has some bizarre specifications. First, you must have worked for at least two employers and received at least $200 in income from each one during the year. Second, your expenses must be more than 10 percent of the income you receive from performances. And finally, your adjusted gross income must be less than $16,000. If you qualify, you can deduct paints, brushes, dancewear, or anything else you need to ply your trade.

8. The hot air balloon tax

Here’s an odd one form the state of Kansas, which can have an impact on anyone that makes a living from hot air balloon rides. If you use the hot air balloon to do sightseeing jaunts, soaring high above the landscape for miles, you don’t get taxed. But, if the balloon just goes up and down, staying tethered at all times, it stops becoming a mode of air transportation and is instead considered an amusement ride. In Kansas, that’s subject to an amusement tax of 6.5 percent.

9. The 100th birthday tax break

In England, if you manage to stay alive long enough to hit triple digits, you actually get a congratulatory card from the Queen. In New Mexico, you get an even better gift. Providing you have resided in the state for at least six months, are a resident on December 31, and are not listed as a dependent on someone else’s taxes, you will become completely exempt from state income taxes. Now that’s worth a party in itself.

10. The vending machine fruit tax

If you’re looking for a tax to make you scratch your head in disbelief, this is a contender. California, which considers itself a healthy state, incentivized fresh fruit purchases by exempting them from tax. Great, right? Well, there’s a loophole. And wherever there’s a loophole, there’s a way to make money. If that fruit is sold from a vending machine, it somehow loses its healthy status, and gets taxed at a whopping 33 percent of the sale price.

11. The flush tax

When you gotta go, you gotta go. But the folks in Maryland are paying a little more than the rest of us to do so. In fact, the "flush tax" that was established in 2004 doubled from $30 per year to $60 per year in 2012, meaning every resident of the Old Line State is paying around $5 per month more than the rest of us just to go to the bathroom. However, it’s all for a good reason. The local CBS affiliate reported last year that additional money raised by the tax has lead to state of the art upgrades that reduce nitrogen and solid waste by millions of pounds per year.

12. The belt buckle tax

If you had to take a wild guess on which state would impose a tax on belt buckles, Texas would probably be last on your list. After all, ornate, decorative, and patriotic belt buckles are as much a part of the Texan wardrobe as boots and hats. However, it’s perhaps this predominance of buckles that made one lawmaker see dollar signs. So, get ready to pony up the dough, because you’ll get taxed an additional 6.25 percent sales tax on every belt buckle you buy in Texas.

13. The sexually explicit business tax

Utah has a tax that doesn’t go over well with adult service providers. According to the Utah State Tax Commission, the sexually explicit business tax is an additional tax on "admission and user fees, retail sales of tangible personal property including food and drinks, and services occurring in a business with nude or partially nude individuals." How much is it? An additional 10 percent tax on top of regular sales and use taxes. In short, if you’re going to do naughty things in Utah, you have to have a slightly bigger wallet.

14. The exceptional tree tax break

Do you live in Hawaii? Do you have a magnificent specimen of a tree in your backyard or front lawn? Well, congratulations. A strange but perfectly legitimate tax break still exists that allows you to write off up to $3,000 in qualified costs and expenditure on your tree maintenance. Exceptional doesn’t mean, "Wow, my tree looks awesome!" In this case, the state takes into account age, rarity, location, size, aesthetic quality, endemic status, and if it is, in fact, worthy of preservation. If you check all those boxes, you get the write-off.

15. The blueberry tax

The state of Maine is the largest producer of wild blueberries in the world. Whether you’re eating blueberry pancakes, blueberry pie, or blueberry muffins, chances are the delicious fruits came from Maine. Not only that, but they were helped along by the Maine Wild Blueberry Tax. This tax imposes 1.5 percent tax on every pound of wild blueberries sold. The money is used for investment and research that keeps Maine’s hugely successful blueberry business thriving.

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15 Odd American Taxes You May Have to Pay


5 Countries With No (Or Very Low) Taxes
Monaco Monte Carlo sea view

Though it may seem unthinkable to U.S. citizens, there are many countries all over the world that offer residents the benefit of no, or very low, income taxes. But before you start packing your suitcase and heading overseas for a tax-free life, keep in mind that U.S. taxation is based on citizenship, not residency. This means that regardless of what tax haven you base yourself in, you’re still subject to U.S. tax regulations. As a U.S. citizen, you are obligated to inform the U.S. government of any income and assets held or earned overseas, and you will be taxed accordingly.

It’s not all bad news, though. There are many ways that you could still significantly reduce the amount of tax you pay, including heading to one of the following destinations. (See also: 5 Tax Myths That Can Be Costly for Expats)

1. The Bahamas

The Bahamas is a little slice of tropical paradise that’s long been a favorite getaway for warm weather lovers, boasting over 300 days of sunshine per year. Made up of around 700 islands blessed with countless white sand beaches, crystal clear waters, and incredible coral reefs perfect for snorkeling and scuba diving, it’s easy to see why. Though the islands lie just north of Cuba and slightly south of Florida in the Atlantic Ocean, they are considered Caribbean.

As if living on an exotic island doesn’t sound enticing enough, the Bahamas also offers zero income tax, corporate tax, capital gains tax, and wealth tax. You only have to obtain residency, rather than citizenship, to access the tax-free benefits, but the country specifically aims to attract wealthy transplants. Though there are various ways to gain residency, purchasing a property of $1.5 million gets your application fast-tracked.

2. Monaco

A tiny sovereign nation lodged into the southeast corner of France and overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, Monaco is one of the most popular tourist destinations on the French Riviera. Despite its diminutive size, this principality oozes glitz and glamour. The harbor brims with impressive yachts owned by the rich and famous, luxurious cars cruise up and down the palm-lined streets, and the beach is overlooked by some of the world’s most expensive real estate.

One of the main reasons for its status as a magnet for the wealthy is its policy of not levying income taxes. To become a resident of Monaco, you need to get a temporary residence card, which will allow you to live in Monaco for 12 months. But you only need to live in Monaco for three months out of that year to maintain your residency.

Thanks to its location in the heart of Europe and convenient transportation, it’s been a popular base for high roller individuals for decades. Many work elsewhere while maintaining residency in Monaco, allowing them to benefit from the lax tax regs. (See also: 13 Financial Steps to Take Before Retiring Abroad)

3. United Arab Emirates

Made up of an alliance of seven individual regions, each with their own absolute monarchy, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the Middle East’s most wealthy economic hubs. The country enjoys an opulent reputation for luxury shopping, seven-star hotels, fine dining, and extravagant night life options. Probably the best known state is Dubai, which has a magnificent skyline packed with skyscrapers, including the Burj Khalifa, the world’s tallest structure.

There are over three times as many expats living in the UAE as there are citizens, which highlights just how attractive life here is for outsiders. The main reason for this is the lack of income tax, in addition to high wages and good job opportunities. The UAE has, however, recently implemented excise tax and it launched a value added tax (VAT) at the beginning of 2018, meaning the cost of living will rise, if only slightly.

4. Bermuda

Another slice of Caribbean paradise, Bermuda is known for its pink sand beaches, incredible scuba diving sites, and for sharing its name with the mysterious and contentious Bermuda Triangle. Though it’s a British island territory, it displays diverse and vibrant influences from the U.S., Africa, and European countries such as Portugal. This little island has many natural wonders to discover and an active calendar of arts and entertainment to enjoy.

As an established offshore financial center, Bermuda has a thriving financial industry that attracts many expats. It doesn’t have any income tax, but there is a payroll tax in place, of which companies can pass up to 6 percent onto the employee.

Be warned, however: the cost of living in Bermuda is exorbitantly high, with rent for a 900-square-foot apartment topping $4,500, according to Expatistan. That could offset any benefits gained by low taxes. (See also: 4 Countries Where You Can Live on $1,000 a Month)

5. British Virgin Islands

Located in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands are made up of four main islands and around 50 smaller cays and islands that include some of the most exclusive in the region. Thanks to its geographical makeup, it’s extremely popular among sailors, who, with members of a large yachting community, drop their anchors near the largely uninhabited islands they come across.

There are virtually no taxes levied on the British Virgin Islands, meaning there is zero capital gains tax, inheritance tax, estate duty, and corporation tax. Though there is technically an income tax, rates are set at zero, effectively making it null.

Gaining residency for the British Virgin Islands is not an easy process, though. You need to have already lived within the territory for 20 years. You are also only permitted to leave the territory for a maximum of 90 days per year unless it’s for education or due to illness.

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5 Countries With No (Or Very Low) Taxes